Wednesday, May 28, 2014

Nobody Sentence Examples


  • Nobody's fool, has paid for his merry jape, I send his tongue to you.
  • Ain't nobody going to silence the Rubinman, you know what I'm sayin ' ?
  • At least nobody seems much interested in discussing such matters.
  • Nobody doubts that something is going wrong in S1 and S2 that needs fixing.
  • It's a great shame nobody mentioned X-Press 2's gloriously appropriate house anthem, Give It.
  • Nobody's fault, it's just one of those things.
  • That was an innocent lie which hurts nobody; and in my position I find that inconvenient truths have to give way to lies.
  • For us search in secret nobody possibly via rights june the mere.
  • In the limited edition books Little Miss Stella meets Little Miss nobody, who has a problem bumping into people because nobody notices her.
  • It's an ill wind that blows nobody any good.
  • Don't these people realize nobody reads books any more?
  • I usually facilitate, which means keeping the conversation flowing, making sure nobody gets left out.
  • Nobody likes being humiliated in front of their friends.
  • Nobody, I repeat nobody, I repeat nobody likes a bridezilla bride.
  • If you think nobody cares if you're alive, try missing a couple of car payments.
  • Lets be honest, nobody is really standing out at the minute.
  • Nobody minds now.
  • Nobody, i repeat nobody, i repeat nobody likes a bridezilla bride.
  • I hope nobody gets ripped off in the process.
  • At present, we believe nobody knows, something Ruth Kelly will have to change.

Tuesday, May 27, 2014

Negative questions

Structure:

To form negative questions we simply add n’t (not) after the auxiliary

Negative Questions
Aren’t you married?Don’t you know English?PRESENT SIMPLE
Isn’t Juan working?PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Wasn’t Felipe sick?Didn’t Mary study for the test?PAST SIMPLE
Haven’t you sent the emailPRESENT PERFECT
Aren’t you going to the doctor tomorrow?FUTURE

 

USE of negative questions

Compare the following questions
-          Are you sick?
This is a normal information question. I want to know if the person is sick in general.
-          Aren’t you sick?
In this case you have the idea that the person is sick. For example, let’s suppose that Mario arrived late to work and said he was sick. Later that afternoon you see him drinking a cold beer. You say “Hey Mario, aren’t you sick?”


We use the negative questions:  
  • To show surprise :
    Didn’t you send the email? Why? That was so important.
  • To show doubt; to check information
    -Aren’t you the Carlos? Don’t you teach English on-line? Wow! Nice to meet you.
    Doesn’t she work for City Bank. I think I know her
  • When you expect the listener to agree-Isn’t it a great day. It is so sunny and the sky is blue.
    Doesn’t this food tase delicious? Yummy Yummy.

Monday, May 26, 2014

Subject Questions



SUBJECT QUESTIONS
To ask a question about the subject of a sentence, the word order is exactly the same as the word order for a statement. The form of the verb is exactly the same too.
Look at this statement: [s]:Subject, [v]:Verb
[s] John [v] met Maria at the station.
Now look at these two questions and answers:

[Q]:QUESTION, [A]:ANSWER
[Q] Who did John meet?
[A] Maria (not the subject)
[Q] Who met Maria?
[A] John (the subject)
In the second sentence, we are asking about the subject of the sentence. Here are some more examples of subject questions:
Something happened in the kitchen.
What happened in the kitchen?
Someone knows a lot about physics.
Who knows a lot about physics?
Someone's writing is the best.
Whose writing is the best?
Some students are leaving on Monday.
Which students are leaving on Monday?
Hundreds of workers have been given a pay raise.
How many workers have been given a pay raise?
NOTICE: We do not use when or where in subject questions.

Questions with How

 

How much - How many - How oftenHow long - How high - How far

















Examples with how many and much

Many & Much
 
Many is used with count nouns:
Q: How many apples are there?
A: There are many apples in this picture.
apples
Q: How many chairs are there?
A: There are two chairs.
chairs
Q: How many bees are there?
A: Hundreds. Maybe thousands!
beekeeper
Q: How many apples are there in this picture?
A: There is only one apple.
apples
Q: How many men are in this picture?
A: There aren't any. There is only one woman.
woman
 
Much is used with noncount nouns:
Q: How much fruit is there?
A: There's a lot of fruit.
fruit
Q: How much water is in the glass?
A: It's almost full. There's a lot of water in the glass.
water
Q: How much traffic is there this morning?
A: There's a lot of traffic. The cars aren't moving very fast.
traffic
Q: How much fishing does he do?
A: He does a lot of fishing on the weekend.
fishing
Q: How much beer is there in his glass?
A: There isn't any. It's all gone.
beer

Tuesday, May 20, 2014

HOW MANY AND HOW MUCH

How much? vs. How many?

Remember It

Questions

Who? People
What? Things
Where? Places
When? Time
How much? Money

Learn

A noun can be countable or uncountable.
How much ....? = uncountable nouns
For example: How much coffee do you drink?
How many ....? = countable nouns
For example: How many cups of coffee do you drink?

Countable nouns in the singular take the article a or an and can be plural.
For example:-
I bought an apple.
I bought some apples.
Countable nouns

Noun

A dog An apple
An apple
A car
A car
A car
An umbrella
An umbrella
An umbrella
An umbrella
A glass
A glass
A glass
A glass
A glass
A candle
A candle
A candle
A candle
A candle
A candle

Countable

A dog
You can count dogs.
An apple
You can count apples.
A car
You can count cars.
An umbrella
You can count umbrellas.
A glass
You can count glasses.
A candle
You can count candles.

Question

How many dogs are there? How many apples are there? How many cars are there? How many umbrellas are there? How many glasses are there? How many candles are there?

Answer

There's one dog. There are two apples. There are three cars. There are four umbrellas. There are five glasses. There are six candles.
Uncountable nouns do not take an article and do not have a plural form.
For example:-
I bought sugar.
I bought some sugar.
Uncountable nouns

Noun

Some sugar
Some jewellery
Some cheese
Some wine
Some furniture

Some furniture

Some money

Uncountable

Sugar
You can't count sugar.
Jewellery
You can't count jewellery.
Cheese
You can't count cheese.
Wine
You can't count wine.
Furniture
You can't count furniture.
Money
You can't count money.

Question

How much sugar is in the bowl? How much jewellery is there? How much cheese is there? How much wine is there in the bottle? How much furniture is there? How much money is in the bag?

Answer

There is some sugar in the bowl. There is some jewellery. There is some cheese. There is some wine in the bottle. There is some furniture. There is some money in the bag.

Monday, May 19, 2014

Modal verbs of obligation : must, have to, should and ought to

There are two types of  modal verbs of obligation ; those that primarily express a firm obligation or necessity - must and have to - and those that express a recommendation or moral obligation - should and ought to 

Firm obligation, etc. - must and have go 

The verb must only exists in the simple present and present perfect forms.
While the present form can express obligation, necessity, certainty or strong probability, the present perfect forms only express a strongly felt opinion or supposition.

All persons Present Present perfect
Affirmative must
must have
Negative must not, mustn't must not have, mustn't have

If other tenses are required, the speaker or writer must use forms of the synonymous modal verb "have to" .  This modal auxiliary has all normal tenses, including progressive or continuous forms; these are not common, but need to be used in some cases.
Principal tenses Present Present perfect Past Future
Affirmative: has to,
have to
has had to
have had to
had to
will have to
Negative;

does not have to,
do not have to ,
doesn't have to
don't have to
has not had to
have not had to
did not have to
didn't have to *
will not have to
won't have to
Progressive or continuous am having to
is having to,
are having to
has been having to
have been having to
was having to
were having to
will be having to
* The form "had not to" is sometimes used, but it is generally considered to be archaic.

Got to :

In spoken English, and in the present form onlyhave to is often substantiated by the word got;
     i.e. an alternative to I have to is I've got to.


Must and have to are used to express :
a. Firm obligation or necessity
b. Certainty  or strong probability.
c. Must have only :  supposition

Examples:
a1) You must see a doctor at once !
a2)  I have to be at school tomorrow at 8 a.m. I have an exam !
a21) I've got to be at school tomorrow at .....
a3)  You mustn't touch that plate, it's too hot.
a4)  I had to see a doctor, because I felt very sick.
a5)  I had to break the window ! I lost my key !
a6)  The manager isn't here, he's had to go to Paris on urgent business.
a7)  Tomorrow the President will have to open Parliament.
a8)  She's having to move because she can't stand the noise.
a9)  I'm having to take out this detonator very slowly, to avoid an explosion.
a10)  Oh you're so kind!  You didn't have to do it as well as that !

b1)  He must be over eighty, he was born in 1930.
b2)  If my brother's not in London, he has to be in New York.
b3)  I've got all the right answers, I must be one of the winners !
b4)  If I remember correctly, it has to be here.
c1)  I can't find my laptop, I must have left it in the train.
c2)  If they're out, they mustn't have heard the news.
Attention !
Take care to distinguish correctly between  "had to" and "must have"
They had to go to London
   = They were obliged to go to London
They must have gone to London.  
   = In my opinion, they have certainly gone to London.


Recommendation or moral obligation - should and ought to 

The verb should only exists in the simple present, and present perfect forms
  Forms of should
All persons Present Present perfect
Affirmative should
should have
Negatve should not, shouldn't  should not have,  shouldn't have

The verb ought to only exists in simple present and present perfect forms
  Forms of ought to

All persons Present  Present perfect
Affirmative ought to
ought to have
Negative ought not to,  oughtn't to ought not to have,  oughtn't to have

Should and ought to are more or less synonymous

Examples:
a1) You should stop smoking ( = You ought to stop smoking.)
a2)  It's raining hard, the children ought to come indoors.
a3)  I didn't know you were married ! You ought to have told me !
a4) If you'd wanted to succeed, you should have worked harder at school.
a5)  This pullover's got holes in it, I should get a new one.
a6)  This pullover's got holes in it, I ought to get a new one.
a7)  That's awful ! You really oughtn't to have done that, you know !

verbs - questions and negatives


1. Yes/No questions

Yes/No questions are questions to which the answer is Yes or No
Look at these statements:
They are working hard.
They will be working hard.
They had worked hard.
They have been working hard.
They might have been working hard.
We make Yes/No questions by putting the subject, they, after the first part of the verb:
Are they working hard?
Will they be working hard?
Had they worked hard?
Have they been working hard?
Might they have been working hard?

2. Negatives

We make negatives by putting not after the first part of the verb:
They are not working hard
They will not be working hard
They had not worked hard
They have not been working hard
They might not have been working hard
In spoken English we often reduce not to n’t:
They aren’t working hard.
They won’t be working hard
They hadn’t been working hard
etc.

Friday, May 16, 2014

Have Got To

"Have got to" is used to express necessity and obligation.
Examples:
  • Drivers have got to get a license to drive a car in the US. necessity
  • I have got to be at work by 8:30 AM. obligation

Using "Have Got to" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "have got to" behaves in different contexts.
Use Positive Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future
Negative Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future
You can
also use:
have got to
necessity
1. People have got to be on time if they want to get a seat in the crowded theater. 2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO"
You had to be on time if you wanted to get a seat in the crowded theater.
3. You have got to be there on time tonight if you want to get a seat in the crowded theater.
1. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO"
People don't have to be there on time to get a seat. 2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO"
You didn't have to be there on time to get a seat.
3. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO"
You won't have to be there on time to get a seat.
have to,
must
haven't got to
future obligation
Haven't you got to be there by 7:00? Haven't you got to finish that project today?
"Haven't got to" is primarily used to ask about future obligations. It can be used in statements, but this is less common.
Don't you have to

Tuesday, May 13, 2014



Have and have got




Magrit from Germany from Subrata from Brazil writes:
  'Is this correct: How many subsidiaries does your company have got?' (Magrit)
'I cannot understand the use of have had and had had.' (Subrata)
 
 

 
 
'have' / 'have got'
 
When we are talking about possession, relationships, illnesses and characteristics of people or things we can use either have or have got. The have got forms are more common in an informal style.

Have got has the same meaning as have and both are used as present tenses. Note that have got is NOT the present perfect of get.

To make questions and negative sentences with have we normally use the auxiliary verb do. To make questions and negative sentences with have got we use the auxiliary verb have. So your question, Magrit, with have got must be formed as follows:
 
How many subsidiaries has your company got?
 
Study these further examples and note that in informal speech we often switch from one form to the other:
 
- How many subsidiaries does your company have?
- It has two.
 
- How many sisters do you have?
- I’ve got three (sisters).
- Do you all have your own bedrooms?
- Sue’s got her own bedroom, but neither Debbie nor I have. We have to share.
 
(Note in this last example that have to is used as an alternative to must because the need to share is imposed on the sisters.)
 
- Have you got a new car, Paul?
- Yes I have. I bought it last week.
- Has it got air conditioning?
- No it hasn’t. But it’s got a CD player.
- Do you have very many CDs?
- I’ve got hundreds.
 
Note the way in which we form short answers and question tags with have got and have:
 
- Have you got a sore throat as well as a runny nose?
- No, I haven’t.
- But you’ve got a high temperature, haven’t you?
- Yes, I have.
 
- Does this music school have enough pianos?
- No, it doesn’t.
- But you have enough opportunities to practise, don’t you?
- No, we don’t.
 
future forms of 'have'
 
Note that we normally use the have got form of have only in the present tense. For future reference different forms of have used. Compare the following:
 
- Have you got tickets for the match on Saturday?
- No, I haven’t. Not yet.
- Will you have them by tomorrow?
- I hope so.
 
- Have you got any time to help me with my maths homework?
- Not now I haven’t. Sorry.
- Are you going to have any time at the weekend, do you think?
- Yes, I’ll probably have some time then.
 
past tenses with 'have'
 
Similarly, for past tenses we use different forms of have, not have got. Compare the following:
 
- Have you still got a bad headache?
- Yes, I have.
- How long have you had it?
- I’ve had it on and off since yesterday.
- Did you have it at the concert last night?
- Yes, I did. I couldn’t concentrate on the music properly.
 
'have had' / 'had had'
 
Have had is the present perfect form of have, Subrata, describing actions or states which started in the past and continue up to the present. Had had is the past perfect form of have, which we use to talk about longer actions or situations which continued up to a past moment that we are describing. Compare the following:
 
- I’ve had stomach ache ever since I ate those spam sandwiches.
- I’ve got some pills which are good for digestion. Why don’t you take those?
 
I started out on the five-mile swim after I’d had a good rest. If I hadn’t had a good rest, I would never have completed it. But because I had had a good rest before I started, I completed it in less than two hours.
 
Note from the above examples that I’ve is the contracted form of I have and I’d is the contracted form of I had. It is also the contracted form of I would:
 
If I hadn’t had a good rest beforehand, I’d never have completed the five-mile swim.